Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is the term that covers a wide range of physical disabilities caused by damage to the brain during development. The impairment can range from severe to mild. Movement and posture are impaired, and other conditions such as intellectual impairment, epilepsy, blindness, or deafness may also exist, depending on which area of the brain has been affected and the extent of the damage. Most people with cerebral palsy are not intellectually disabled, and most cerebral palsy individuals with physical impairments usually have a normal range of intelligence. It is believed that 85% to 95% of individuals with cerebral palsy also have speech impairments. Palsy is a synonym for paralysis, but in this case has come to describe weakness and inability to make many voluntary movements and suppress involuntary ones. The form of cerebral palsy may change form from year to year, especially during the early years of growth.

Between 500,000 and 700,000 Americans have cerebral palsy, and in the United States, about 1,500 babies are born with it each year. The details of the causes of cerebral palsy are still unclear but it is believed that premature birth, low birth weight, difficult or abnormal delivery, infections in the mother during pregnancy, lead poisoning, excessive consumption of alcohol, excessive smoking by the mother, and hypoxia are significant risk factors.

Because of the breadth of impairments, there is a wide range of strategies that are applicable: see the motor/orthopedic sections of this site. In cases where other impairments (as listed above) are involved, go to that section in strategies.

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