1) Which of the following is true?

A) The total amount of energy in the universe is decreasing.

B) The total amount of energy in the universe is increasing.

C) The total amount of energy in the universe is constant

D) None of the above

2) Which of the following biological molecules is used to transport electrons?

A) ATP

B) ADP

C) NAD

D) GTP

E) None of the above

3) How is the energy of ATP used to drive unfavorable chemical reactions?

A) The heat given off by ATP breakdown speeds up reactions.

B) The ribose sugar of ATP acts as an energy source

C) Phosphate is transferred from ATP to another molecule to "energize" it

D) The electrons of ATP attack other molecules an accelerate their reaction

E) None of the above

4) When chemical equilibrium is reached for a chemical reaction

A) All of the substrate has been converted into product

B) There is an equal amount of substrate and product present

C) The rate of product formation is at its maximum

D) The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction

E) None of the above

5) A reaction which releases energy is called a _________ reaction.

A) Endergonic

B) Exergonic

C) hypothermic

D) Reversible

E) None of the above

6) Where would you find the electron transport system of a human cell?

A) The cytoplasm

B) The nucleus

C) The endoplasmic reticulum

D) The mitochondrion

E) The plasma membrane

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions

1) This diagram is a schematic of the cyclical pathway of ATP formation in the chloroplast

A) True

B) False

2) Letter J identifies which reactions?

A) The Krebs cycle

B) The Calvin-Benson cycle

C) Electron transport

D) Glycolysis

E) None of the above

3) What substrate is being consumed at letter A?

A) Oxygen

B) Water

C) Carbon Dioxide

D) ATP

E) None of the above

4) Where is photo system I in this scheme?

A) Letter C

B) Letter E

C) Letter D

D) Letter J

E) Photo system I is not found in this scheme

5) What compartment is identified by letter H?

A) Inner membrane space

B) Matrix

C) Thylakoid space

D) Mitochondrion

E) None of the above

6) During photosynthesis H+ ions are concentrated inside compartment H and used to synthesize ATP.

A) True

B) False

7) Where does Carbon entire the system?

A) Letter A

B) Letter F

C) Letter I

D) Letter G

E) None of the above

8) What product is found at letter L?

A) Pyruvate

B) Oxaloacetate

C) Glucose

D) Glucose-6-phosphate

E) ATP

9) What is used to carry the electrons from the light dependent to the light independent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) ATP

B) Carbon Dioxide

C) Glucose

D) NADP+

E) None of the above

10) At what step is oxygen released during this process?

A) K

B) B

C) F

D) G

E) J

Use the diagram of simplified aerobic respiration above to answer the following questions.

1) Which part of this figure corresponds to the Krebs cycle?

A) Letter A

B) Letter B

C) Letter C
D) Letter L and M
E) The entire figure represents the Krebs cycle

2) Which of the above reactions takes place in the mitochondrion?

A) Reaction A
B) Reaction A and B
C) Reaction A, B, and C
D) Reaction C
E) None of these reactions takes place in the mitochondrion

3) For the top reaction (A) what is the additional component which is required and indicated by letter D?

A) Oxygen

B) Another glucose molecule

C) ATP

D) Carbon Dioxide

E) Pyruvate

4) Which part of the scheme generates the most ATP?

A) Letter A

B) Letter B

C) Letter C

D) They all produce equal amounts of ATP

E) It depends on the type of cell

5) Electron transport occurs in which part of the scheme?

A) Part A

B) Part B

C) Part C

D) It occurs in parts A, B, and C

E) Electron transport only occurs in photosynthesis

6) In the absence of oxygen none of these reaction steps can occur. That is why this is called aerobic respiration.

A) True

B) False

7) What is the product indicated by M?

A) Oxygen

B) Water

C) Carbon Dioxide

D) ATP

E) Pyruvate

8) Which of the steps generate NADH?

A) Step A

B) Step B

C) Step C

D) Step A and B

E) Step A, B, and C

9) What product is indicated by E?

A) Glucose

B) ATP

C) Carbon Dioxide

D) Pyruvate

E) Electrons

10) If you used radioactive oxygen gas to fuel this type of aerobic respiration where would the radioactivity end up?

A) In carbon dioxide
B) In pyruvate
C) In ATP
D) In water
E) It would be found in oxygen gas at the end as well.

1) Which of the following statements is true?

A) Xylem is an example of a simple plant tissue

B) Phloem conducts sugars through a plant

C) Xylem cells are alive at maturity

D) None of the above

2) Primary growth in plants occurs at

A) Germination of the seed only

B) The casparian strip

C) The apical meristems

D) The vascular cambium

E) None of the above

3) Plants which complete their entire life cycle in one growing season are called:

A) Perennials

B) Annuals

C) Biennials
D) Monocots
E) Dicots

4) The layer of cells surrounding the water conducting cells of roots is called

A) The pericycle
B) The epidermis
C) The stoma
D) The cortex
E) The xylem

5) The outer covering of plants consists of

A) parenchyma
B) epidermis
C) xylem
D) sclerenchyma
E) collenchyma

6) Which type of plant has vascular bundles in its tissues?

A) Perennials
B) Annuals
C) Monocots
D) Dicots
E) Biennials

1) Some plants form an association with bacteria an fungi which fix and provide a supply of what nutrient for the plant?

A) Iron
B) Calcium
C) Potassium
D) Nitrogen
E) Carbon

2) What percentage of water that enters a plant is used for metabolic processes

A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 2%
D) 90%
E) 100%

3) How is water moved from the roots to the leaves of large plants such as mature trees?

A) Active transport pumps it upward
B) They tap into pressurized reserves of water underground
C) They receive much of their water from the atmosphere
D) Evaporation at the leaves draws water up through the tree through the

cohesion of water molecules
E) None of the above

4) Which of the following is a micro-nutrient?

A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon
D) Zinc
E) Phosphorous

5) Which soil component provides decomposing organic material?

A) Humus
B) Clay
C) Silt
D) Loam
E) None of the above

6) Which cells are involved in transporting sugars produced during photosynthesis in the leaves to the vascular system for distribution to the rest of the plant's tissues?

A) Guard cells
B) Phloem cells
C) Sieve tube members
D) The casparian strip
E) Companion cells