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BIOL
219 – The Living Cell Suggested
use. In my opinion, you will get the most out of this if you take
it as if it were the real thing. Sit down, think of your answer, write
it on a separate piece of paper, grade yourself when you are done. This
way you are likely to get an idea of how you might do right now. Regardless
of your performance, study afterwards. Read the reasoning behind the correct/wrong
answers. If anything isn't clear, e-mail me or set up an appointment to
discuss. Good luck!
Click on the answer you think is most appropriate to see if you are right. 1. The similarity of the repeated sequences of the telomeres from species
to species and the identical nature of these sequences in all vertebrates
suggests what about their function? 2. An operon in which the presence of a key metabolite, like lactose,
causes the transcription of the structural genes is a(n) ________ operon. 3. The repressor of a repressible operon is _______ only if bound to
a specific factor which functions as a(n) ________. 4. What level of control of gene expression is defined as regulating
if a particular mRNA is actually used in protein synthesis and, if so,
how long and for how long a period of time? 5. What domain of a transcription factor regulates transcription by interacting
with other proteins? 6. You attach the regulatory region for the renalin gene, a gene normally
only active in kidney tissue, to the bacterial beta-galactosidase gene.
The renalin gene is normally activated by a bHLH-containing transcription
factor. You introduce the engineered gene into a transgenic mouse embryo.
As the embryo develops, where can beta-galactosidase be seen? 7. In addition to being regulated by proximal and distal promoter elements,
the expression of most genes is regulated by even more distant DNA elements
called _____, which typically contain multiple binding sites for sequence-specific
transcriptional activators. 8. What is a function of the nuclear lamina? 9. What advantage may be gained from the slow movement of chromosomes
toward the poles during mitosis? 10. Which of the following things happen during telophase? 11. A transport receptor that moves macromolecules from the nucleus to
the cytoplasm is called a(n) ____. 12. When histone H1 has been removed from chromatin prior to being prepared
for electron microscopy, what phrase below describes what investigators
see in the resultant electron micrographs? 13. Which DNA polymerase in bacteria is mostly involved in DNA repair
to correct damaged DNA sections and removes RNA primers at the 5' ends
of Okazaki fragments, replaces them with DNA? 14. If a mismatched base pair is found in a DNA double helix, how can
one determine which member of the pair is incorrect? 15. Which stage of mitosis begins with chromosomes aligned at the spindle
equator in a plane with one chromatid attached by its kinetochore to a
spindle fiber from one pole and the other chromatid attached to a fiber
from the opposite pole? 16. Which of the following is (are) a function of telomeres? 17. You are studying two chromosomes, one (chromosome 10) which carries
few genes and the other (chromosome 13), which is rich in protein-coding
sequences, many of which are transcribed in the cells you are studying.
Where would these chromosomes be likely to be located within the interphase
nucleus? 18. A section of a bacterial chromosome in which genes for the enzymes
of a particular metabolic pathway are clustered together in a functional
complex under coordinate control is called a(n) ______. 19. An example of a place where facultative heterochromatin is found
is ________. 20. Why is localizing mRNAs in the oocyte more efficient than localizing
the proteins they encode? 21. What nucleotide sequence has been identified in the 3' UTR that binds
to specific proteins that destabilize mRNA? 22. A(n) _________ occurs when all or a piece of a chromosome becomes
attached to another chromosome? 23. Bacteria are grown in a medium containing 15NH4Cl for a number of
generations so that all of the DNA is made of fully "heavy"
DNA. The bacteria are moved to a new medium and grown in 14NH4Cl so that
all new DNA will be light. After one generation time, what does the DNA
look like? 24. Why are temperature sensitive mutants useful in studying essential
processes like replication? 25. Why is it necessary for an adult human to have tens of millions of
cells undergoing cell division at any given moment? 26. When do most of the preparations for mitosis occur, including such
activities as DNA replication? 27. When G1 and S phase cells were fused together, the G1 nucleus began
to replicate DNA when it was exposed to S phase cytoplasm in the fused
cell. What conclusion was drawn from this result? 28. What postulates that the state and activity of a particular region
of chromatin depends upon the specific modifications, or combination of
modifications, to the histone tails in that region? It suggests that the
pattern of modifications adorning the tails of the core histones contains
encoded information governing the properties of the nucleosomes containing
them. 29. What follows are steps describing the series of reactions proposed to occur after binding of a transcriptional activator (such as the glucocorticoid receptor) to its enhancer on the DNA. Place them in the correct order. 1. The chromatin remodeling complex binds to the core histones at the
target region. a. 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 - 5 30. In addition to binding cyclin, what else is required for Cdk activation? |