Sherwood: Chapter 12 & 13

Objective:  The first unequivocal evidence for an initial ultrafiltration process in the kidney was obtained on frogs.

1.  Osmoregulation in aquatic environments
        a.  freshwater vs marine
        b.  excretion in fish
2.  Osmoregulation in terrestrial environments
        a.  excretion in amphibians
        b.  excretion in reptiles