Lecture 20:  Cardiac Physiology - Vertebrate & Invertebrate

Sherwood: Chapter 9

Objective:  The advantage of a divided heart, like that of mammals, is that blood flow to the body and the lungs can be maintained at different  input pressures.

1.  Pulmonary circulation of vertebrates
        a.  birds
        b.  fish
        c.  lungfish, amphibians, reptiles, bird embryos, fetal mammals
        d.  hagfish
2.  Diving response
        a.  apnea (no breathing)
3.  Circulation during exercise
4.  Invertebrate circulation
        a.  Annelids
        b.  Mollusks
        c.  Arthropods
5.  Neurogenic pacemakers of Crustacean heart
6.  Heart and cardiac output in small and large animals