| Then the large hearted man rested; the hall stood high 1800 spacious and ornamented with gold; the guest within slept until the black raven the blithe-hearted, announced heaven's joy. Then came the bright (or shining) sun the warriors hastened, the heroes/men were ready to proceed 1805 to go back to their people; thense far their wishes came about bold spirited seeking out ships. He ordered/called that Ecglaf's brave son carry Hrunting, he ordered/called that he take his sword of precious iron; he said thanks for the gift, 1810 he considered it a good war friend strong in battle, not a word blamed the sword's edge; that was a high spirited man. And the ready warriors were equipped [and] eager to depart; their Dane honored 1815 prince went to the high seat where the other hero, brave in battle, was Hrothgar saluted him. Beowulf spoke, Ecgtheow's son: "Now we sea-farers coming from a far [would like to] say that we strive 1820 to seek Higelac. We have been properly [and] delightfully entertained here; we have treated you well. If anything on earth might earn more of thy heart's love, lord of men, than I have yet done, 1825 [through] warlike deeds, we will be ready at once. If I hear , [from] flooding regions that other neighboring peoples threaten you with terror as your enemy, I will formerly act [and] bring a thousand thanes, 1830 warriors to help [you]. I know from Higelac lord of the Geats, although he is young, the nation's guardian, that he would further me word and deed, that I honor you well and to help bearing spear-shaft, 1835 [to] support [your] strength, in case that [you] need men. If he, Hrethric, on the other hand, determines to [come to the Geat's court, the king's son, he may there find many friends; the far countries are the better sought according to himself be good. |
| Hrothgar declaimed // in answer to him: "The wise Lord sent // those words to you, into your mind; // I (have) not heard wiser spoken in so young a life // by a man. You are strong of might // and wise in spirit, wise of words! // I maintain the expectation, if it happens, // that (?if?) the spear carries off sword-grim battle // Hrethel's son, sickness or sword (carries off) // thy prince, protector of the people // and you have your life, that the Sea-Geats // have not the better obtaining // (of) any king, guardian of men, (than you) // if you wish to hold the kingdom of (your) kinsmen. //Your spirit pleases me long as well, // dear Beowulf. You have made it so // that for those tribes, for the peoples of the Geats // and the Spear-Danes shall (be) mutual peace, // and (put) strife to rest, hostilities, // in which they previously engaged, (shall) be as long as I rule // (this) wide kingdom, mutual treasures, // many others greeting (each other) with gifts // over the gannet's bath (=sea); a ring-prowed ship // (shall) bring over the sea a gift and token of love. // I know those people firmly disposed // towards both friend and enemy (lit. "you against enemy you against friend // firmly wrought"), blameless in every way // after the old fashion." Then yet the protector of men (gave?) // to him within Healfdene's son // twelve treasures; bade him to go to (his) dear people // in safety (lit. "safeties") with those gifts, // to come back quickly. Then the king, good with nobility // kissed the prince of the Scyldings, // the best thane and took him by the neck; // the pale-haired one shed tears for him (lit. "tears fell for him"). // To them was the expectation of both ("two things"?) more especially of the other // to the old and wise one, that afterwards // they might not see (each other), brave in council. // That man was so dear to him that he might not forbear // the welling of emotion in his breast; but for him in (his) heart // fast (with) heartstrings for (lit."after") the dear men // a secret longing burned in (his) blood.(lit. "with his blood") |
| Then Beowulf (left) him, the gold-adorned warrior, traversed over the greensward (ground), exalting the treasure; the seaship awaited the lord, rode at anchor. Then Hrothgar's gift was often considered during the trip (lit:in going); that was one king blameless of everything, until age robbed him of that joy (in/of his) strength, often that injured many. Then the young troop came to the sea (lit:flood), very brave; (they) wore intertwined coats of mail, coats of mail. The coast guard discovered the return of the warriors, as he did previously; He greeted the visitors not with insults from the cape of the hill, but rode to meet them, knowing that the Weders people would give the warriors in bright armor a hearty welcome; (he) proceeded to the ship. Then on the sandy shore was a spacious boat, a ring-prowed ship loaded with armor, horses, and treasures; the mast towered over Hrothgar's treasures. He (Beowulf) gave the boat-keeper a sword made of gold (lit: joined in gold) that afterwards, on the meadbench, he praised the teasure, the heirloom. (Beowulf) departed from him by boat to stir up deep water, leave Danish land. Then one of the sails was beside the mast, a sail fixed on rope; the ship creaked (or thundered); There the wind over the waves didn't hinder the ship's journey. {For?} The foamy-necked ship sailed forth over the waves, the ship with an ornamented prow (sailed) over the sea's currents, (so) that they could see the cliffs of the Geats, well-known bluffs; the ship pressed forward, driven by the wind, (until it) stood on land. Quickly the harbor-guardian was prepared by the sea, who had previously gazed for a long time, longing for the dear men at sea. A roomy ship was fastened to the shore, fixed by anchor-ropes, lest the force of the waves might drive away the fair ship. |
| 1920 He [Beowulf] ofdered the mobles'/ treasure, precious and goldplated things to be carried up; it was not far hence for him to seek his treasure-dispenser (lord), Higelac, son of Hrethel, where he dwelt at home with his retainers near the sea wall. The hall was spendid, the king very valiant and honored in the hall, Hydg [was] very young, wise and accomplished, however very few [lit. a small number of] winters Haereth's daughter had lived in the enclosed castle; however she was not stingy [lit. mean, illiberal] 1930 nor niggardly with [to] gifts of treasures to the Geatish people. Modthryth, the good queen of the people, carried out terrible deeds [lit.singular]; no brave [one] dared to venture, if he was not the great lord and [her] companion, to stare [lit. that he stare--subjunctive] at her by day with [his] eyes; 1936-40 [hard passage to translate] he knew death was in store for him soon after being seized a [thing] twisted [or woven by hand] 1938 a sword was appointed to cause death to swell up [to seeth] 1939 [he knew] that the damascened sword was allowed to settle it. 1941 Such a queenly custom is not for a woman's doing, even though she [may] be beautiful, that a lady [lit. peace-weaver] should deprive a dear man of life because of a pretended insult [my note: lige=lie; torn = grief ; How does the author/Klaeger know what a queen feels when a retainer undresses her with his eyes?] However Hemming's kinsman [Offa} stopped that: 1945 the aledrinders tell the following, that she brought about fewer harms to people and evil acts once she was given, decked with gold, to that most noble young champion 1950 when she, at her father's bidding, made a journey over the yellow-green sea to Offa's hall. There she made good use of her destined life on the throne as long as she enjoyed living, in [with] health she held great [high] love for that chief of mankind [extra word: mine=my] 1955 heard [to be] that best of all men between two seas. Offa was by gifts and war widely honored, 1960 with wisdomm the brave man governed his native land. |
hæleðum to helpe, nefa Garmundes, Gewat him ða se hearda sylf æfter sande | ...from him Eomer (Offa's son) was born to help warriors, Hemming's kinsman, Garmund's grandson [in a] powerful contest. [He] [him]self went together with his brave companions along [the] sand to tread the plain by the sea, the spacious shore. [The] world's candle shone, [the] sun hastening from the South. He journeyed [this] expedition, went valiantly to Ongentheow's bane's shelter, [the] young war-king [from] within [the] borough, [he was as they had] learned [a] good ring-distributor. Hygelac announced [that] Beowulf was coming straightaway there [to] that precinct [,he, a] warrior's protection, comrade in battle [Beowulf] came living unhurt [from] battle to go [home]. Quickly as the mighty [one] ordered, [the] interior [of the] hall was cleared[;] foot-warriors, kinsmen sat down near kinsmen, that self (Beo.) got safely through that battle[;] as soon as [the] lord through earnest words addressed them [with a] ceremonious speech. Meadcups came and went (lit: "moved about") through that hall building[;] Haereth's daughter loved that man, bore a cup of strong drink to [the] heroes' hands. Hygelac [began] pleasantly to question his comrade in the hall, he broke [the] curiosity about the expedition which [the] Sea-Geats were [under]: "How happened you on [your] journey, dear Beowulf, that you suddenly resolved to seek [from] [a]far conflict over salt-water, battle for Herote? But you remedied Hrothgar's widely known woe, illustrious prince? I beheld [the] beloved man's despair [with] surging sorrow, [but] had no faith in this venture; I long bid you that the murderous sprite [would] not greet you, [nor] allow you [to] settle the war against Grendel [for the] South-Danes [your]self. I tell God thank[s] [for] this, which I must behold you unharmed. Beowulf, Ecgtheow's son, declared, ........................ |
| There were several lines which I had difficulty with. Lines 2029-2031 were incredibly difficult, I think because the poet is speaking figuratively and I can't get the sense of the metaphor. The lines are as follows, Oft seldan hwaer aefter leodhryre lytle hwile bongar bugeth, theah seo bryd duge! Those are the lines I had the most difficulty with. yrs. Matt 2000 It is not hidden, from many men, Lord Hygelac, the great encounter, when Grendel and I fought in that land, where he accomplished a great many things of grief and of misery 2005 forever on the Victory Scyldings; I punished them all, so none of Grendel's men will have good cause to boast any over the earth the crash at dawn, that the longest lived of hateful peoples, seized by deceit.---I came there first 2010 to the ring-hall to address Hrothgar; immediately the famous men of the half-Danes, when he knew my heart, showed me to my seat by the son of his self. The company was in delight; nor have I ever seen 2015 under the arch of Heaven of hall-sitters so much mead-joy. Formerly the famous queen, passed the pledge of peace throughout the hall, she compelled the young men; often the ring-band she gave to the man, before he went to seat. 2020 Formerly before the old retainers, the daughter of Hrothgar bore the ale-cup to the noblemen at the end, that I heard the hall-sitters call Freaware, then she offered the studded vessel to the warriors. She is betrothed, 2025 gold-adorned youngster, to the gracious son of Froda; he has agreed to this the friend of the Scyldings, of the kingdom, I heard and this advice he supposed, that he with this lady a portion of the deadly feuds, of the fightings, he could settle. Regularly seldom where 2030 after the deadly spear a little while end the national calamity, then the bride would be good! The chief of the Heatho-Bards may then be displeased and of the thanes of the people each one of the men, that he with this woman went onto the floor of the hall: 2035 noblechild of the Danes, who attended to the old retainers; on them shines the heirloom, on the men of old, hard and ring-adorned the wealth of the Heatho-Bards, as long as they wield weapons they may be allowed,--- until they lead to destruction at shield-play 2040 their own retainers and their own selves. |
eald æscwiga, garcwealm gumena onginneð geomormod | Then at the beer-drinking he who sees treasure (=beah), the old spear-warrior, he who remembers everything, speaks (of) the death of men by the spear--his heart/mind within him is grim--he begins, with a sad mind, to create a temptation (=cunnian) of the soul for the young champion with the thought of his mind, to awaken the war-evil, and utters these words (this word): "Can you, my friend, recognize the sword, the preciousiron, which your father carried into battle under the war-helmet the last time, where the danes slew him, the brave(?) Scyldings? They controlled the battlefield when Withergyld lay (dead) after the death of the warriors. Now, here, the son of one of the murderers walks on the hall floor, exultant with (his) treasures; he boasts of murder and carries the treasure which you by right should possess." He admonishes (him) so and reminds (him) of every occasion (=maela=g.p.) with bitter words, until the time comes when the maiden's thane, bloodstained, sleeps from the sword's cut, having forfeited life for the sake of his dead father. The other man escapes thence, living; he knows the land certainly. Then on both sides the sworn oath of the warriors is broken; thereupon the deadly hate (=pl.) wells (up) within Ingeld, and in him the love of (his) wife cools from the flood of sorrow. Therefore I do not consider the loyalty of the Heatho-Beardas, (their) part of the alliance with the Danes (to be) without deceit, (or their) friendship fast. I shall continue to speak still about Grendel, that you might know well, distributer of treasure, what the handfight fo the warriors later came to. After the juwel of heaven glided over the earth, the angry demon came, terrible, angry in the evening, to attack us where, safe, we guarded the hall. THe battle there was fatal to Hondscioh, deadly to the doomed man; he, the girded warrior, lay (dead) first; Grendel, the devourer, came fro him, the illustrious young retainer, (and) swallowed up the entire body of the beloved man. |
bona blodigtoð, of ðam goldsele ac he mægnes rof |
he slayer with bloody teeth, intent on destruction,would not go any sooner out of that hall empty handed; but he, proud of his strength, made trial of me, grasped with ready hand. A glove hung (from his hand) large and strange, fastened with cunningly decorated clasps; it was all worked with skill, with the devil's craft and skins of dragons. The evil-doing beast wnated to put me, guiltless, one of many, inside it; he could not do so when I in anger stood upright. It is too long to recall how I requited that enemy of the people for every evil. There, my lord, I honored your people with my deeds. He escaped away, for a little while he enjoyed life's pleasures but his right hand remained behind in Heorot, and from there the wretched one, sad at heart, fell to the bottom of the mere. For that deadly fight the lord of the Scyldings rewarded me with much gold plate, with great treasure, when morning came and we had sat down to the feast. There was song and laughter; the old Scylding, the wise one, told of far off times; sometimes the brave in battle greeted the joy of the harp, the wood of mirth, sometimes the song related true and sad (deeds), sometimes the noble-spirited king told a marvellous story in accordance with what is right; sometimes again, bound in age, the old warrior began to tell of his battle strength inyouth; his breast surged when he, the wise old man, remembered many winters. So we spent the day long there in pleasure until night following came to men. There was quickly one ready for revenge, Grendel's mother journeyed in sorrow; death took her son, war-hate of the Weder Geats. |
hyre bearn gewræc, ellenlice; frodan fyrnwitan, Noðer hy hine ne moston, | The awful woman avenged her child, boldly killed the man that was Aeschere, wise old counselor, departing (him) from life. The Danish people may not have the opportunity, since morning came, nor the fire to burn up the dead, nor heap up the dear man on the fire. She bore away his body under the waterfall in the fiend's outstretched arms. That was Hrothgar, The prince of the pople, who came upon long grevious sorrows. the the chief implored me by your life (Higelac) (he) implored, troubled in mind, that I on the sea's tumult performed nobility, (I) ventured on in life, performing fame, he gave me a reward. I found the guardian of the deep who is widely known terrible grim in the surging waters; There for a while was hand to hand combat between us the sea boiled with blood ans I had cut off (the head) of Grendle's mother in the battle hall with large edges hardly thence. (I) bore away (my) life. I wasn't yet doomed to die, but afterwards my earls' protector, Half Dane's son, gives a multitude of tresures. As the kind of the people lived in good customed. Not at all had I lost the rewards, many treasures, but he gave me treasures, Half Dane's on, of my own choice; that I then, hero kind, will bring, to (you) to show good will. Still al is dependent on the kindness (of you); I have little near relatives except, you, Higelac." (He) ordered them to bring in the boar banner, the otwering battle helmet, the hoary corslet, the splendid war sword, afterwards he uttered a formal speech "Hrothgar gives this war dress to me, prudent prince, he said that I should first decree to you his good will; (he) said that King Hiorogar, the Scylding's leader had (the tresures) for a long time. |
| 2160 No sooner for that did he wish to give to his son, to valiant Heoroweard, although he was loyal to him, the coat of mail. Enjoy it all well!" I [have] heard further that with that treasure four swift horses, all alike, followed behind, 2165 apple-fallow; he bestowed to him the goodwill of horses and treasure.--So should a kinsman do, to not at all weave the net of malice against another with secret cunning, or prepare death for his comrade. To Hygelac, 2170 hard of battles, his nephew was very loyal, and each was mindful of joy for the other. I [have] heard that he gave the neck-ring to Hygd, the wondrous, wondrous jewel which Wealtheow gave to him, the king's daughter gave also three horses, 2175 graceful and saddle-bright; since after its receiving was her breast honored. So Ecgtheow's son showed himself brave, man well-known in war, with good deeds, acted in pursuit of glory; not at all did he, flushed with drink, slay 2180 his hearth companions; nor was savageness in him, although he, through the greatest skill of all mankind, guarded the ample gift, which G-d gave to him, brave in battle. He was abject for a long time, since the children of the Geats did not consider him worthy, 2185 nor did the prince of the Weather-Geats wish to put himself in possession of much from the meadbench; very much [they] expected, that he was slothful, an inactive prince. Change came for the glorious man over each trouble. 2190 Then the protector of nobles, king brave in battle, commanded that Hrethel's heirloom, adorned with gold, be brought in; there was then not a better treasure among the Geats in the form of a sword; he laid that upon Beowulf's lap, 2195 and presented to him seven thousand units of land, the house and the throne. For both of them together there was inherited land, ancestral land, within the nation, the large kingdom, more especially for Hygelac [the other], who was higher in rank. |
Where the Beowulf manuscript is incomplete, I have translated the | reading that Kleaber gives in his notes. Translating this entire section felt strange; I'm really note sure of I did a good job. Afterwards, later in the day crashes of battle occured, when Hygelac fell dead and the warriors of Heardred, armed with (under) shields, were killed. Then the battle Swedes, brave battle warriors, searched among the glorious people, and visciously attacked the nephew of Hereric (meaning Heardred). Then the wide kingdom passed into the hand of Beowulf; he ruled well for fifty winters, (then the king was old, ancient land-guardian) until a dragon began to rule one dark night, he whom watched over the hoard in the high-dwelling, the steep stonebarrow. A path lay underneath it, unknown to men. into it wehnt a certain men, who when he (drew) near, seized from the heathen hoard ... a shining treasure. He then afterwards... however sleeping was tricked by the thief's cunning. Then the people discovered, the man's (possibly dragon's) neighbors, that he(the dragon) was enraged. He (the thief) did not break into the dragon's hoard of his own accord, by his own will, he who sorely injured him (the dragon),but because of ditress, a certain servant fled angry blows, lacking refuge (a house), and having reached there (the hoard), sword guilty one(?), at once discovered that horror arose in the guest. (Yet the outcast fled the horrible, terrible serpent, made the quarrel ready in the going, the danger befell him). He found a precious cup, there were many ancient treaures in the earth-house, the immense legacy of a noble people, as a certain man, in olden days, thoughtfully hid them, the dear treasures. Death took them all( the noble people) in earlier times, and the one retainer that was still (rest later) |