Language Variation in the Mountain State
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Email: Kirk Hazen


West Virginia Dialect Project   
Teaching About Language Variation

Linguists teach about how language works. Currently, linguists have a long way to go before convince even a majority of the population of the modern, scientific view of how language works.

One of the most treacherous hurdles for linguists is teaching about language variation. Most people believe that synchronic and diachronic variation are bad and should be eliminated, but the truth about the human brain is that language variation is a natural and important part of how language works.

A key point teaching about language variation is the separation of social stigma from linguistic evaluation. Several of the exercises below illustrate this point.


The links to the right lead to pdf files of lessons from Dialect Awareness Programs. Dialect Awareness Programs were first created by Walt Wolfram. Some of the programs below come from his work; some are from Kirk Hazen.

WVDP Links

Dialect definitions

Truths & Myths

Mountain Grammar, Sophisticated Rules: A-prefixing

Southern Sound: Vowel Merger Rules

A Sound Change Leads to a Change in Function

Multiple Negation

Verb Conjugation Variation

Putting the Past Under the Microscope: Regular Verbs

Putting the Past Under the Microscope: Irregular Verb

Sound Variation

Vowels lose their identity

Replacing sounds

Handout from LAVIS III explaining ordering of exercises

LAVIS III reading base paper


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